What distinguishes theories derived from structural functionalism from those based on conflict theory?

The distinction between theories derived from structural functionalism and those based on conflict theory lies primarily in their focus on the maintenance of social stability. Structural functionalism posits that societal institutions and processes exist to serve important functions in the overall stability and equilibrium of society. This perspective views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and order. The emphasis on maintaining social stability is central to understanding how societies operate, how they adapt, and how they integrate individuals into a cohesive group.

In contrast, conflict theory emphasizes the inherent tensions and power struggles between different social groups. It focuses on the conflicts that arise due to differences in interests, values, and resources, suggesting that social order is maintained not through consensus but through coercion and power dynamics.

Overall, the primary focus of structural functionalism on social stability sets it apart from conflict theory and provides a foundational understanding of how societies function and evolve over time, reflecting a more consensus-driven approach to social organization.